What are common symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?

• A. Headaches, dizziness, and fatigue
• B. Mood swings, bloating, and irritability
• C. Nausea, fever, and chills
• D. Skin rashes, fever, and weight loss

Answer: (B)

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterized by a range of symptoms that typically occur in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and resolve with the onset of menstruation. The choice that emphasizes mood swings, bloating, and irritability accurately reflects the most common symptoms associated with PMS.

Mood swings can include feelings of anxiety, depression, or emotional instability, which often fluctuate in intensity and are linked to hormonal changes. Bloating is another prevalent symptom, often resulting from hormonal shifts that affect fluid retention and gastrointestinal function. Irritability often accompanies the emotional aspects of PMS, as fluctuations in hormone levels can influence mood regulation and overall emotional well-being.

In contrast, the other options list symptoms that do not align with the typical presentation of PMS. For example, headaches and fatigue are common in many conditions and aren't specific to PMS, while nausea, fever, and chills suggest an underlying illness rather than a syndrome tied to the menstrual cycle. Skin rashes, fever, and weight loss indicate possible allergic reactions or infections, which are not symptoms of PMS.

Thus, the selection of mood swings, bloating, and irritability as common symptoms encapsulates the primary emotional and physical manifestations of premenstrual syndrome.