What condition is characterized by the presence of cysts in the ovaries?

• A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• B. Ovarian cancer
• C. Endometriosis
• D. Uterine fibroids

Answer: (A)

The condition characterized by the presence of cysts in the ovaries is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a hormonal disorder often diagnosed in women of reproductive age, and one of its hallmark features is the presence of multiple small cysts on the ovaries, which can be seen on ultrasound imaging. These cysts are a result of anovulation, where the ovaries do not regularly release eggs, leading to hormonal imbalance and various symptoms such as irregular menstrual cycles, weight gain, and signs of hyperandrogenism (like excess body hair).

In contrast, ovarian cancer typically does not present with cysts in the way PCOS does and is more often characterized by abnormal masses or growths. Endometriosis involves the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, which can lead to cysts on the ovaries but is mainly characterized by pain and other symptoms rather than the presence of multiple ovarian cysts. Uterine fibroids are benign tumors of the uterus and do not specifically involve cyst formation in the ovaries. Thus, PCOS is distinctly identified by its association with cystic ovarian changes.