What is a known side effect of long-term use of corticosteroids in women?

• A. Weight loss
• B. Mood elevation
• C. Osteoporosis
• D. Increased insulin sensitivity

Answer: (C)

Long-term use of corticosteroids is well-documented to lead to osteoporosis, particularly in women. Corticosteroids can interfere with calcium absorption in the intestines and can also affect bone metabolism by decreasing osteoblast formation (the cells responsible for bone formation) while increasing osteoclast activity (the cells that break down bone). This imbalance leads to a reduction in bone density over time, significantly heightening the risk of fractures.

Risk factors for osteoporosis are particularly pronounced in women due to hormonal changes that also affect bone health, such as those experienced post-menopause. This makes the potential for corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis a critical concern in the management of conditions requiring these medications.

In contrast, weight loss is not commonly associated with long-term corticosteroid use; rather, weight gain is more typical due to increased appetite and changes in fat distribution. Mood elevation is not a recognized effect of long-term corticosteroid use; in fact, these drugs can cause mood swings and mental health issues such as depression or anxiety. Increased insulin sensitivity is also not characteristic of long-term corticosteroid use, as these medications can lead to insulin resistance instead, which is more likely to contribute to weight gain and other metabolic issues.