What is the mechanism of action of clomiphene citrate in treating infertility?

• A. Stimulating ovulation by blocking estrogen receptors
• B. Inhibiting progesterone production
• C. Enhancing ovarian reserve
• D. Suppressing gonadotropin release

Answer: (A)

Clomiphene citrate is a commonly used medication for treating infertility, primarily due to its effect on ovulation. The mechanism of action involves blocking estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus. By doing so, it creates a perception of low estrogen levels, which prompts the hypothalamus to increase the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). This increase in GnRH stimulates the pituitary gland to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), leading to stimulation of the ovaries and promoting ovulation.

This action is particularly beneficial for women who have ovulatory dysfunction, as it can help induce the maturation of ovarian follicles and facilitate ovulation. Clomiphene citrate's effectiveness is central to its role in assisted reproduction, making it an important choice for those experiencing difficulties conceiving due to irregular ovulation.

Options such as inhibiting progesterone production, enhancing ovarian reserve, and suppressing gonadotropin release do not accurately describe the mechanism of action of clomiphene citrate and do not directly relate to its use in promoting ovulation in women with fertility issues.