What is the primary component of a standard breast cancer examination?

• A. Clinical breast exam and mammography
• B. Ultrasound and MRI
• C. Biopsy and genetic testing
• D. Annual physical exam and lab tests

Answer: (A)

The primary component of a standard breast cancer examination is the combination of a clinical breast exam and mammography. The clinical breast exam allows a healthcare provider to physically assess the breasts for any abnormalities or changes, which can be crucial in detecting early signs of breast cancer. Mammography is a specialized X-ray that provides detailed images of the breast tissue, helping to identify suspicious areas that may require further investigation. This two-pronged approach is considered the gold standard for breast cancer screening, as it combines both physical assessment and imaging techniques to effectively identify potential malignancies.

Ultrasound and MRI are valuable supplementary tools in breast cancer evaluation, particularly for further investigation of areas of concern or in specific patient populations, but they are not part of the routine screening process. Similarly, while biopsy and genetic testing are essential for diagnosis and risk assessment once a problem is detected, they are not components of the initial examination itself. Annual physical exams and lab tests may be part of general health maintenance but do not specifically target breast cancer screening. Thus, the combination of a clinical breast exam and mammography stands out as the core components of breast cancer examination protocols.