What term describes the cessation of menstrual cycles for 12 consecutive months?

• A. Menstruation
• B. Menopause
• C. Menarche
• D. Ovulation

Answer: (B)

The cessation of menstrual cycles for 12 consecutive months is defined as menopause. This biological process marks the end of a woman's reproductive years and is typically confirmed after a woman has not experienced her period for a full year. Menopause is a significant transition and involves various physiological changes due to a decline in the hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone, produced by the ovaries.

Menstruation refers to the regular monthly discharge of blood and mucosal tissue from the inner lining of the uterus. This process occurs during a woman's reproductive years and is not indicative of the cessation of cycles.

Menarche is the term used to describe the first occurrence of menstruation in a female, marking the beginning of her reproductive life. This term represents the onset of menstrual cycles rather than their cessation.

Ovulation refers to the release of an egg from the ovary, which occurs in the menstrual cycle and is essential for reproduction. It does not relate to the period of time when menstrual cycles cease.

Recognizing these definitions highlights why menopause is the correct term to describe the specific physiological change involving the end of menstrual cycles.