Which condition involves multiple small cysts on the ovaries?

• A. Endometriosis
• B. Uterine Fibroids
• C. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
• D. Ovarian Cancer

Answer: (C)

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by the presence of multiple small cysts on the ovaries. These cysts are actually immature follicles that have not developed properly, leading to irregular ovulation and hormonal imbalances. In addition to the formation of cysts, PCOS often presents with other symptoms such as irregular menstrual cycles, excess hair growth, and insulin resistance, which can have broader implications for metabolic health.

The condition is distinct from endometriosis, which involves the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, uterine fibroids, which are non-cancerous growths in the uterus, and ovarian cancer, which is characterized by malignant growths on or in the ovaries. Each of these conditions involves different pathological mechanisms and presentations, but the hallmark of PCOS is the accumulation of multiple small cysts on the ovaries. This clustering of cysts along with the associated symptoms helps differentiate PCOS from other reproductive health issues.