Which pelvic condition can lead to chronic pelvic pain and heavy menstruation?

• A. Uterine fibroids
• B. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• C. Ovarian cysts
• D. Endometriosis

Answer: (A)

Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths of the uterus that can cause a variety of symptoms, including chronic pelvic pain and heavy menstrual bleeding. These fibroids can vary in size and location, and when they develop within the uterine wall or cavity, they can distort the uterine shape and interfere with normal uterine contractions during menstruation. This can lead to increased menstrual blood loss, a condition known as menorrhagia, as well as significant discomfort or pain in the pelvic region.

In contrast, while conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ovarian cysts, and endometriosis may also be associated with pelvic pain and menstrual irregularities, the specific link of heavy menstrual bleeding is more strongly associated with uterine fibroids. PCOS often leads to irregular menstrual cycles and hormonal imbalances but does not typically cause heavy bleeding. Ovarian cysts can cause pain but may not directly lead to significant changes in menstrual bleeding patterns. Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, which can indeed cause pelvic pain and heavy periods, but the specific and common occurrence of heavy bleeding as a direct consequence is more notably linked to uterine fibroids.